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Mesothelioma Asbestosis The exposure to asbestos is the reason for both mesothelioma and asbestosis. Both are long-term health concerns. Mesothelioma is a form of cancer, and asbestosis is non-cancerous scarring of lung tissue. A biopsy is the primary way to diagnose mesothelioma pleural. Doctors examine a small piece of pleural tissue under the microscope. Signs and symptoms Mesothelioma is a cancerous growth of the thin tissue layer that surrounds the organs. It can be caused by exposure to asbestos. Asbestos is one of the mineral fibers naturally occurring in nature that were previously used in a variety of different products, such as insulation, brakes and shingles and flooring. When asbestos is disturbed tiny fibers are released into air. If these fibers are breathed in they could cause irritation to the lungs or stomach. Abilene asbestos lawyer is a condition that occurs when the cells of the affected tissue begin to grow in a different way and then transform into tumors. Mesothelioma can develop in any part of the body and affects women and men equally. The symptoms of mesothelioma can vary depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Breathing difficulties and chest pain are the most common symptoms. Other symptoms include abdominal pain, fatigue, and fever. After asbestos exposure mesothelioma can take up to 60 years to appear. The symptoms usually don't appear until the disease is at an advanced stage. This prolonged time lag is among the reasons that patients are not diagnosed correctly. The first signs of pleural cancer include chest pain, trouble breathing and a cough. As the cancer progresses, it can cause fluid accumulation which can cause irritation to the lungs, causing coughing, chest pain, fatigue and weight loss. Fluid buildup can also occur around the heart or in the abdomen. As the disease progresses, symptoms become more severe and they are spread to other parts. Peritoneal mesothelioma may cause pain in the abdomen and affect digestion. Pleural mesothelioma may be spread to the diaphragm chest wall and the heart, causing lung problems. Doctors can detect mesothelioma by taking a tissue sample, known as a biopsy. They will examine the tissue for abnormal cells and determine the type of mesothelioma: epithelioid, sarcomatoid or biphasic mesothelioma. Epithelioid-related mesothelioma makes up 70% of diagnoses, and is the most susceptible to treatment. Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma is more difficult to treat and has a worse prognosis. Biphasic Mesothelioma is characterized by epithelioid (epithelioid) and sarcomatoid (sarcomatoid) cells. It is seen in 40% of patients. The early stages of the disease should be treated with surgery. Diagnosis The diagnosis of mesothelioma is determined by the results of a variety of tests, including imaging scans and blood tests. The results of these tests are used to determine if mesothelioma may be present and help doctors choose the best treatment for each patient. The first step to diagnose mesothelioma is for the physician to perform an examination and inquire about their past exposure to asbestos. Anyone who has been exposed to asbestos likely realize that they are at risk of developing lung problems, but often it takes years before any symptoms begin. Many mesothelioma patients have been misdiagnosed as having lung cancer or pneumonia. Inhalation of asbestos fibres can damage the lungs and organs. The damage is gradual and the first signs of mesothelioma typically not evident until 20 to 60 years after exposure. Asbestos is a group of minerals that are made up of microscopic fibres. They were used in the construction of buildings, but are not permitted anymore. The people most at risk of mesothelioma include those who been employed in the mining and manufacturing industries, where they may have ingested asbestos or touched it. This includes miners, construction workers, insulation workers, and electricians. After the initial examination is complete The doctor will then ask for a series or imaging tests in order to learn more about the severity of mesothelioma. CT (computerised Tomography) scans are available, as well as MRI (magnetic-resonance imaging) and PET scans. These scans may reveal the location of a mesothelioma tumour and also indicate if it has spread. Doctors may also collect samples of tissue from the affected area in order to confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma. This can be done by inserting a needle or during surgery. For pleural mesothelioma it is typically done using VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) or a CT-guided core biopsy. For peritoneal cancer, the sample is usually taken during surgery or using a cytology syringe. The sample is then examined under a microscope to confirm a mesothelioma diagnoses. Treatment Early diagnosis of mesothelioma can provide a treatment that is effective. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. Certain patients have also experienced good results from new targeted therapies, but they are still being evaluated in clinical trials. If a doctor suspects mesothelioma, they will perform physical examination. They may also request imaging scans, blood tests and a biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of tissue or fluid to be examined using microscopes from an region, such as a lung tumor. Doctors can perform a biopsy using surgical methods like VATS, or by inserting an needle into the mesothelioma to remove a small amount of tissue. In a biopsy, doctors will also take samples of tissue for further analysis from the area surrounding the tumor. This will allow them to determine if the mesothelioma cells are cancerous, and what kind they are. They will make use of this information to determine the correct mesothelioma treatment. Mesothelioma symptoms can be severe and can cause a lot of difficulty. They can be painful especially if they are pressed against nerves or organs. Additionally, mesothelioma frequently results in a buildup of fluid in the abdomen or chest. This can lead to breathing difficulties or weight loss, as well as a swelling of the chest or abdomen. For people who are too ill for surgery doctors can remove excess fluid to improve breathing and relieve chest pain. This is known as thoracentesis or paracentesis. They also have the technique of pleurectomy, or decortication. This involves injecting a sterile powder into the pleural cavities in order to cause inflammation and decrease fluid accumulation. For peritoneal mesothelioma, doctors can remove the tumor and a portion of the lining of the abdomen with a procedure known as peritonectomy. Doctors can also treat peritoneal mesothelioma using chemotherapy or radiation therapy by itself or in conjunction with surgery. They can even give chemo before surgery or radiation, which is referred to as Neoadjuvant therapy. They can also test experimental treatments in clinical trials, for instance, a new drug that targets the cell cycle. Prognosis The prognosis for mesothelioma may differ depending on a variety of factors. The type of mesothelioma, its location and the stage of the cancer all influence the way in which the disease progresses and the treatment options that are used. The type of mesothelioma a person has is determined through a biopsy. During the procedure, a small portion of tissue is removed from the affected area to be examined using a microscope. A pathologist will review the biopsy for any signs of mesothelioma, and also look for other abnormalities in the tissues. Chest pain, breathing difficulties and persistent coughing are all symptoms that may indicate pleural Mesothelioma. Patients who suffer from these symptoms should seek medical attention immediately. Mesothelioma can be difficult to diagnose, especially in its initial stages. This is why it is quite common for patients to get misdiagnosed. A second opinion by a mesothelioma specialist could help improve a patient's prognosis. Getting a correct diagnosis is receiving the appropriate treatment, which can dramatically increase the odds of survival. A cytology test is an important element in diagnosing mesothelioma. This test involves taking a small amount from the affected lungs and abdomen, and then examined under a microscopical microscope to identify signs of mesothelioma. The test can reveal expansion of cells, which could aid doctors in determining what type of mesothelioma a patient has. Another lab test that is used to diagnose mesothelioma is immunohistochemistry. In this test, antibodies are used to bind markers on cells. When the antibody binds to the marker, a color will show up on a specific stain. The color is a sign of the kind of mesothelioma these cells are displaying. The oncologist will determine the extent of the mesothelioma's growth after it has been identified. This is known as the mesothelioma staging. Stage 1 mesothelioma is the highest chance of survival, followed by stage 2 and then stage 3. People with sarcomatoid peritoneal mesothelioma have a poorer prognosis since these cancerous cells are more difficult to treat than epithelioid mesothelioma. After a mesothelioma diagnosis, doctors may suggest chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy. Some doctors may prescribe a combination therapy. A mesothelioma vaccine is another possible treatment option. It has proven to be effective in improving survival rates and slowing the progression of mesothelioma.